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Plages d’adresses IP réservées

Les blocs d’adresses qui ne sont pas des adresses publiques ordinaires, d’après les registres de l’IANA, et une vérification qui indique à quel bloc appartient une adresse.

100.64.12.7 fait partie de 100.64.0.0/10 : Espace d’adresses partagé (CGNAT).

Blocs IPv4 à usage spécial

BlocUsageDéfini dansJoignable depuis Internet
0.0.0.0/8Non spécifiéeThis networkRFC 791Non
10.0.0.0/8Réseau privéPrivate-UseRFC 1918Non
100.64.0.0/10Espace d’adresses partagé (CGNAT)Shared Address Space (CGNAT)RFC 6598Non
127.0.0.0/8BouclageLoopbackRFC 1122Non
169.254.0.0/16Lien localLink-LocalRFC 3927Non
172.16.0.0/12Réseau privéPrivate-UseRFC 1918Non
192.0.0.0/24Attribution de protocoleIETF Protocol AssignmentsRFC 6890Non
192.0.2.0/24DocumentationDocumentation (TEST-NET-1)RFC 5737Non
192.31.196.0/24AnycastAS112-v4RFC 7535Oui
192.52.193.0/24Attribution de protocoleAMTRFC 7450Oui
192.88.99.0/24RéservéeDeprecated 6to4 Relay AnycastRFC 7526Non
192.168.0.0/16Réseau privéPrivate-UseRFC 1918Non
192.175.48.0/24AnycastDirect Delegation AS112 ServiceRFC 7534Oui
198.18.0.0/15Tests de performanceBenchmarkingRFC 2544Non
198.51.100.0/24DocumentationDocumentation (TEST-NET-2)RFC 5737Non
203.0.113.0/24DocumentationDocumentation (TEST-NET-3)RFC 5737Non
224.0.0.0/4MultidiffusionMulticastRFC 5771Non
240.0.0.0/4RéservéeReserved for future useRFC 1112Non
255.255.255.255/32DiffusionLimited BroadcastRFC 919Non

Blocs IPv6 à usage spécial

BlocUsageDéfini dansJoignable depuis Internet
::/128Non spécifiéeUnspecified AddressRFC 4291Non
::1/128BouclageLoopback AddressRFC 4291Non
::ffff:0:0/96TraductionIPv4-mapped AddressRFC 4291Non
64:ff9b::/96TraductionIPv4-IPv6 Translation (NAT64)RFC 6052Oui
64:ff9b:1::/48TraductionLocal-use IPv4/IPv6 TranslationRFC 8215Non
100::/64RéservéeDiscard-Only Address BlockRFC 6666Non
2001::/32TraductionTEREDORFC 4380Non
2001:2::/48Tests de performanceBenchmarkingRFC 5180Non
2001:db8::/32DocumentationDocumentationRFC 3849Non
2001:10::/28RéservéeDeprecated (ORCHID)RFC 4843Non
2001:20::/28Attribution de protocoleORCHIDv2RFC 7343Oui
2002::/16Traduction6to4RFC 3056Non
3fff::/20DocumentationDocumentationRFC 9637Non
5f00::/16Attribution de protocoleSegment Routing (SRv6) SIDsRFC 9602Non
fc00::/7Locale unique (ULA)Unique-LocalRFC 4193Non
fe80::/10Lien localLink-Local UnicastRFC 4291Non
ff00::/8MultidiffusionMulticastRFC 4291Non

D’après les registres IANA des adresses IPv4 et IPv6 à usage spécial, plus le multicast et l’ancienne classe E. « Joignable depuis Internet » suit la colonne « globally reachable » de l’IANA. Une adresse privée n’est jamais routée sur l’Internet public.

Ce texte n’est pas encore disponible en français. Il est affiché en anglais en attendant une traduction.

Not every IP address is meant to be routed on the internet. IANA keeps two special-purpose address registries, one for IPv4 and one for IPv6, listing the blocks set aside for private networks, loopback, link-local use, documentation, benchmarking, protocol translation and other purposes. Together with the multicast ranges and IPv4’s old class E, they are the addresses a router should never accept as ordinary public destinations, often called bogons.

The ones you are most likely to meet: the three private ranges of RFC 1918 (10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, 192.168.0.0/16) used in almost every home and office network; shared address space 100.64.0.0/10 used by providers for carrier-grade NAT; link-local 169.254.0.0/16 and fe80::/10, which a device gives itself when nothing else configures it; and the documentation blocks (192.0.2.0/24, 198.51.100.0/24, 203.0.113.0/24, 2001:db8::/32) reserved for examples like the ones on this site.

The table is generated from the same registry data this site uses to classify every lookup, and the checker tells you which block an address belongs to, right in your browser.

Questions fréquentes

My router's WAN address starts with 100.64. Is that a problem?

It means your provider uses carrier-grade NAT: you share a public IPv4 address with other customers. Browsing works normally, but you cannot open ports to the internet over IPv4. IPv6 or a fixed public address solves it.

Why did my PC get a 169.254.x.x address?

It asked for an address (DHCP) and got no answer, so it assigned itself a link-local address. Check the cable or Wi-Fi connection and the router's DHCP server.

Can I use 192.0.2.0/24 or 2001:db8::/32 in my network?

You should not. They are reserved for documentation, so examples never collide with real networks. Use the private ranges, or unique local addresses (fd00::/8) for IPv6.

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